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The Rab concentration camp (; (スロベニア語:Koncentracijsko taborišče Rab); (イタリア語:Campo di concentramento per internati civili di Guerra – Arbe)) was one of the several Italian concentration camps and was established during World War II, in July 1942, on the Italian-occupied island of Rab (now in Croatia). According to historians James Walston〔James Walston (1997) (History and Memory of the Italian Concentration Camps ), ''Historical Journal'', p. 40.〕 and Carlo Spartaco Capogeco,〔Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) (Clash of civilisations ), Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol.12, No.2, p.7〕 at 18%, the annual mortality rate in the camp was higher than the average mortality rate in the Nazi concentration camp of Buchenwald (15%). According to a report by Monsignor Jože Srebrnič, Bishop of Krk (Veglia) on 5 August 1943 to Pope Pius XII: "witnesses, who took part in the burials, state unequivocally that the number of the dead totals at least 3500".〔 In September 1943, after the armistice with Italy, the camp was closed, but some of remaining Jewish internees were deported by German forces to the extermination camp at Auschwitz. Yugoslavia, Greece and Ethiopia requested extradition of some 1,200 Italian war criminals, who, however, were never brought before an appropriate tribunal as the British government, at the beginning of the Cold War, saw in Pietro Badoglio a guarantor of an anti-communist post-war Italy.〔Effie Pedaliu (2004) (Britain and the 'Hand-over' of Italian War Criminals to Yugoslavia, 1945-48. ''Journal of Contemporary History''. Volume 39, No. 4, Special Issue: Collective Memory, pp. 503-529 ) (JStor.org preview)〕 ==Establishment of the camp== Under the Italian army commander Mario Roatta's watch the ethnic cleansing and the violence against the Slovene civil population easily matched the German〔(Ballinger, P. (2002). History in exile: memory and identity at the borders of the Balkans. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08697-4 )〕 with the summary executions, hostage-taking and hostage killing, reprisals, internments into Rab and Gonars concentration camps, the burning of houses and villages. Additional special instructions that included instruction that the orders must be "carried out most energetically and without any false compassion" were issued by Roatta.:〔(Giuseppe Piemontese (1946): Twenty-nine months of Italian occupation of the Province of Ljubljana ). On page 10.〕 :"(...) if necessary don't shy away from using cruelty. It must be a ''complete cleansing''. We need to intern all the inhabitants and put Italian families in their place."〔Steinberg, Jonathan (2002) ''All Or Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust, 1941-1943'', Routledge, ISBN 0-415-29069-4, p.34〕 Mario Roatta in his Circolare No.3 "issued orders to kill hostages, demolish houses and whole villages: his idea was to deport all inhabitants of Slovenia and replace them with Italian settlers" in Province of Ljubljana, in response to Slovene partisans resistance in the province.〔(Giuseppe Piemontese (1946): Twenty-nine months of Italian occupation of the Province of Ljubljana ). On page 3. Book also quoted in: Ballinger, P. (2002), p.138〕 Following Roatta's orders, one of his soldiers in his July 1, 1942 letter wrote home: :"We have destroyed everything from top to bottom without sparing the innocent. We kill entire families every night, beating them to death or shooting them."〔James Walston, a historian at the American University of Rome. Quoted in (Rory, Carroll. Italy's bloody secret. The Guardian. (Archived by WebCite®) ), The Guardian, London, UK, June 25, 2003〕 Roessmann Uroš, one of the Rab internees, a student at the time, remembers: :"There were frequent ''razzias'' when the train taking us to school in Ljubljana from our village of Polje pulled in to the main station. Italian soldiers picked us all up. Some were released, and others were sent to (Italian) concentration camps. Nobody knew who decided, or on what grounds.〔Corsellis, John; Marcus Ferrar (2005). ''Slovenia 1945: Memories of Death and Survival After World War II'', pp.26-27. I.B.Tauris, ISBN 1-85043-840-4〕 The camp at Rab, built near the village of Kampor, was one of a number of such camps established along the Adriatic coast to accommodate Slovenian and Croatian prisoners. Opened in July 1942, it was officially termed "Camp for the concentration and internment of war civilians - Rab" (''Campo di concentramento per internati civili di Guerra – Arbe'').〔Manini, Marino. ''Zbornik radova s Međunarodnog znanstvenog skupa Talijankska uprava na hrvatskom prostoru i egzodus Hrvata 1918-1943'', p. 659. Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2001.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rab concentration camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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